Deforestation, certainly. I'm not sure what you mean by development... please elaborate. And, of course, positive population growth. Because of the minimal education in Sub-Saharan Africa, a lack of internal infrastructure like roads, hospitals, and water treatment plants, and little social institutions like health care, Sub-Saharan Africa has a high death rate as well as a high birth rate. It ranges from a 1 to a 2 or even 2.5 on the demographic transition model, depending on which area you are focusing on.
