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Balanced chemical reaction: HNO₂(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ NO₂⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq).
According to  Bronsted-Lowry theory acid are donor of protons and bases are acceptors of protons (the hydrogen cation or H⁺).
Nitrous acid is weak Bronsted acid and it can lose proton and become conjugate base NO₂⁻ and water is Bronsted base.

 

Explanation:

According to Bronsted-Lowry an acid is defined as the specie which is able to donate hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

For example, [tex]HNO_{2} + H_{2}O \rightarrow H_{3}O^{+} + NO^{-}_{2}[/tex]

Chemical formula of nitrous acid is [tex]HNO_{2}[/tex] . Since, it donates a hydrogen ion in water hence, it acts as a Bronsted-Lowry acid.

On the other hand, bases are the species which are able to accept hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

For example, [tex]NH_{3} + H_{2}O \rightarrow NH^{+}_{4} + OH^{-}[/tex]

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