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Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It focuses on the individual's experience of existing in the world and the challenges of finding meaning and purpose in life. Existentialists often explore themes such as authenticity, responsibility, and the inevitability of death. Prominent existentialist thinkers include Jean-Paul Sartre, Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Martin Heidegger.