The number of spinal nerves matches the number of vertebrae in each spinal region, with one exception. The exception is Cervical.
The central nervous system (CNS), which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, is extended by the spinal cord. The spinal cord starts at the medulla oblongata, which is located at the base of the brain stem, and ends in the lower back, where it tapers to create a cone known as the conus medullaris.
The spinal cord extends anatomically from the top of the tallest neck bone, the C1 vertebra, to roughly the level of the L1 vertebra, which is the highest bone in the lower back and is located just below the rib cage. The spinal cord is roughly cylindrical in shape and measures around 18 inches (45 cm) in length. The cauda equina, a group of nerves near the base of the spinal cord (conus medullaris), gets its name from the Latin for "horse's tail" (early anatomists believed the group of nerves resembled a horse's tail). The spinal cord is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is additionally protected by three layers known as the meninges (dura, arachnoid and pia mater).
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