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The envelope, which is derived from the host cell membrane, surrounds the viral capsid and serves as just an additional barrier to a external environment. The vast majority of animal viruses are enveloped, whereas the vast majority of viruses that infect plants or bacteria are not.
The viral genome is packaged in a protein coat known as the capsid in virus particles. For some viruses, the capsid is surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing viral proteins, which typically include proteins that allow the virus to bind to host cells. The virus envelope is a lipid and protein structure derived from the host cell membranes. Viral genetic material is contained within protein structures known as capsids.
Viruses are classified into two types: enveloped viruses, which have an outer lipid membrane, and nonenveloped viruses, which do not. The envelope, when present, contains viral proteins that mediate binding to host cells. When there is no envelope, the outer capsid proteins perform this function. Nonenveloped viruses, in general, are more stable and can survive in the environment for much longer. The method of viral entry and exit from host cells is determined by capsids and envelopes.
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