Every star eventually grows, cools, and changes color to become a red giant. Depending on the star's mass, what happens next. A smaller star, such as the Sun, will gradually cool and go out of existence. It will transition between the white dwarf and planetary nebula phases during these changes.
First, that the speed of light is the same for all observers, and second, that observers moving at constant speeds should be subject to the same physical laws. These two main postulates formed the foundation of the special theory of relativity.
In contemporary astrophysics, general relativity has become a crucial tool. As a result, black holes—regions of space where gravity is so intense that even light cannot escape—are now better understood than they were before.
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