Intellectual centers where the most learned scholars of West Africa concentrated.
Timbuktu is a city in Mali, West Africa, that dates back 1,800 years. It was home to a great literary tradition during Europe's Middle Ages, which witnessed the creation of millions of manuscripts, hundreds of thousands of which have survived to the current day.
From the 13th through the 16th centuries, Timbuktu was a hub of Islamic knowledge under many African dynasties, with a 25,000-student university and other madrassas serving as wellsprings for the spread of Islam throughout Africa.
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