nutrients from croplands are carried by the mississippi river into the gulf of mexico. if nutrients are good for growth, why are scientists concerned about this nutrient influx? higher productivity may result in increased respiration by bacteria feeding on sinking algal material, depleting oxygen within gulf waters. the nutrient runoff depletes nitrate, which cannot be made industrially. higher productivity may support greater numbers of sharks. higher productivity may support greater diversity of phytoplankton species.

In terms of physiology, respiration is the transfer of oxygen from the external environment to the cells inside tissues and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction, that is, back into the external environment.

The biochemical definition of respiration, which describes a metabolic process through which an organism obtains energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH) by oxidizing nutrients and releasing waste products, is distinct from the physiological definition. Although cellular respiration and life as we know it in animals depend on physiologic respiration, the two processes are different: cellular respiration occurs within individual organism cells, whereas physiologic respiration deals with the diffusion and transport of metabolites between the organism and the outside environment.

By using both ventilation and perfusion, the lung exchanges gas.

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