The total return of the portfolio reduced by trading costs = 0.4%
In light of this,
When a fund manager trades stock, then
Transaction costs equal 0.4% of the trade's value.
Portfolio turnover rate = 50%;
Each year, 50% of the portfolio stock is sold and exchanged for other securities.
Selling order trading costs = 0.4%
Trading fees on purchase orders = 0.4%
Therefore,
Trading costs reduce the portfolio's total return:
= 2 × 0.50 × 0.004
The portfolio's total return minus trading costs equals 0.4%.
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