Fimbriae and pili differ in that: (a) pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility.
Fimbriae are the structures used for attachment. These are long fragments that are proteinaceous in nature. Fimbriae play an important role in the synthesis of biofilms, thereby helping in colonization.
Pili are the short structures that appear hair-like on the surface of bacteria. Pili serve various purpose in the cell. These are: attachment, virulence, transfer of DNA, and movement. Pili also show antigenicity in the host's body. The pili used for the process of DNA transfer is also known as conjugative pili. This process is also called bacterial conjugation.
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