We find that poor economic policies have played an especially important role in the slow growth, most importantly Africa's lack of openness to international markets. In addition, geographical factors such as lack of access to the sea and tropical climate have also contributed to Africa's slow growth.
Our results suggest that domestic investment, net ODA inflows, education, government effectiveness, urban population, and metal prices positively and significantly affect Africa's economic growth.
These endemic problems range from abject poverty, violence, underutilise agriculture, and infrastructure, lack of access to credit facilities, social fractionalisation, poor health facilities, poor economic to catastrophic civil unrest; which are linked to illiteracy, lack of proper institutions and exploitation by corrupt.
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