Homozygous individuals' genotype is composed of the same type of alleles. In this example, the offspring with homozygous alleles for the smooth pod trait are SS.
What is homozygous genotype?
The term homozygosis is used to refer to the genotype of individuals that carry the same type of alleles.
Let us remember that alleles are the alternative forms in which a gene can be expressed.
To understand the concept, let us think about a diallelic gene, which is a gene that has two types of alleles.
- Dominant allele → let us represent it with an A
- Recessive allele → let us represent it with an a
Homozygous individuals will have two alleles of the same type
- AA → homozygous dominant because it carries the dominant alleles
- aa → homozygous recessive because it carries the recessive alleles
Heterozygous individuals are those that carry two types of alleles, dominant and recessive → Aa
In the exposed example,
- the dominant allele → S → codes for smooth
- the recessive allele → s → codes for constricted
Cross 1: Two homozygous individuals are crossed
Parentals) SS x ss
Phenotype) smooth pods constricted pods
F1) The first generation is composed only of heterozygous inviduals → Ss
The whole generation has smooth pods because they carry the dominant allele which expresses the dominant phenotype.
Cross 2: Two heterozygous individuals are crossed
Parentals) Ss x Ss
Phenotype) smooth pods
F2) The second generation is composed of
- 1/4 = 25% homozygous dominant indiviudals → SS → smooth
- 1/2 = 50% heterozygous inviduals → Ss → smooth
- 1/4 = 25% homozygous recessive indiviudals → ss → constricted
The offspring with homozygous alleles for the smooth pod trait are SS.
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