Different types of encoding affect a person’s ability to remember words. You can test this by asking a participant to first do a task involving either visual, auditory, or semantic encoding. Then ask the participant to recognize the encoded words. For example, for visual encoding, the participant may be asked to judge whether the word appears in all capital letters, whereas for auditory encoding, the participant may be asked to judge whether the word rhymes with another word.
A professor of cognitive psychology is interested in the percent accuracy on this memory encoding task among college students. She measures the percent accuracy for 49 randomly selected students. The professor knows that the distribution of scores is normal, but she does not know that the true average percent accuracy on this memory encoding task among college students is 0.794 percent correct with a standard deviation of 0.105 percent correct.