This is an example of how geographical distribution shapes the evolution of species. Environmental conditions are fundamental for natural selection.
Natural selection is the main mechanism by which evolution occurs.
Biogeography refers to the discipline that studies the geographical distribution of organisms, which can help to understand (how and also when) species evolved.
According to the theory of evolution, organisms better adapted to particular environmental conditions are differentially selected.
In consequence, organisms better adapted will increase their chances of survival and reproduction, thereby their phenotypic traits will be predominant across generations.
Learn more about evolution here:
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