Based on historical records, the statement that best explains the massive increase in the number of sugar works in Jamaica during the eighteenth century is "European demand for sugar increased."
During this time, the Europeans, especially the British, used the Sugarcane grown in Jamaica to make sugar for their cakes and sweeten the tea.
Also, the Sugarcane appears to be more profitable for Jamaica which was still under British rule.
During this period, the Sugarcane plantation surpassed and overshadowed the piracy activities including the cotton and tobacco plantations.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is option C. "European demand for sugar increased."
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