Answer:
The simplest, of these processes is freeze-thaw weathering;
its power is also easily demonstrated by freezing water in a glass bottle, sealed into a plastic bag. The bottle should burst as the water expands on freezing to form ice, with a 9% expansion. Note that plastic bottles rarely burst and broken glass bottles should be handled with extreme caution .
However, the reality of this process is actually much more complex, as it usually involves microscopic-scale chemical weathering by dew-fall that also soaks into the rock surface; evaporation then leads to the crystallisation of salts; these crystals gradually prize rock grains apart as they grow, making the surface layers of rock expand and break away.
