Independence movements in Asia and Africa from colonial power was a long struggle to gain rights.
Independence movements
Colonial history of the regions, including long-term causes of the independence movement: Asia and Africa
- India: Many European countries colonize India in the 17th century. The colonial control for 200 years led India to become weak.
- Vietnam: France establish a colony in Vietnam in 1877 with the founding of French Indochina. Under French control, Vietnamese rights were restricted, as they were under the French government.
- South Africa: European countries began colonizing South Africa by introducing the Slave system. South Africa under British power was suppressed by introducing Apartheid law.
- Ghana: Ghana came under the control of the British in the early twentieth century. The British called the territory the “Gold Coast Colony”.
Leaders of the movement:
- India: Mahatma Gandhi.
- Vietnam: H o Chi Minh
- South Africa: Nelson Mandela
- Ghana: Kwame Nkrumah
Colonizing country:
- India: Britain
- Vietnam: France
- South Africa: Britain
- Ghana: Britain.
Short term, immediate causes of the movement:
- India: India got independence in 1947.
- Vietnam: Revolt began to overthrow the French from Vietnam under H o Chi Minh.
- South Africa: Mandela went to prison and fought against the Apartheid in South Africa. He became President of South Africa.
- Ghana: The moment for independence began, and Nkrumah became President of Ghana.
The course/actions of the movement, and the states or organization that supported or opposed the movement:
- India: Gandhi introduces non-cooperation movement. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose introduces Indian National Army to overthrow the British from India.
- Vietnam: Guerrilla warfare in Vietnam by Minh to win independence from France.
- South Africa: Protests against Apartheid law sent many African leaders to prison.
- Ghana: Nkrumah formed a political party United Gold Coast Convention, to bring independence.
Differences:
- India: The movements in India were peaceful without any violence.
- Vietnam: Many revolts took place to overthrow the French.
- South Africa: Many Africans were sent to prison for opposing Apartheid.
- Ghana: Leaders did not face much opposition from the British. The fight for freedom was peaceful.
Learn more about colonization here:
brainly.com/question/510352
