Which Europeans controlled the waterways connecting the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean?

The correct option is C. Dutch
Over time, English-speaking people used the word Dutch to describe people from both the Netherlands and Germany and now just the Netherlands today. (At that point in time, in the early 1500s, the Netherlands and parts of Germany, along with Belgium and Luxembourg, were all part of the Holy Roman Empire.)
The Netherlands
Dutch is spoken not only in the Netherlands but is also the official language of Flanders, the neighboring northern provinces of Belgium. Worldwide, Dutch is a national language in Suriname (South America), Aruba, and the Dutch Antilles (Caribbean).
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