Answer:
d. To avoid the need to employ outsourcing strategies or risk impairing their ability to strongly differentiate their products or services from the offerings of industry rivals
Explanation:
The strategic alliance refers to an arrangement done between the two companies in order to make a mutual benefit.
In this case, the common reasons that do not enter into strategic alliance are the option D as in this option, the risk is to be impaired that distinguish the products and services
Hence, the correct option is d and the same is to be considered