The gene that codes for orange/non-orange color is X-linked. Female cats can express orange and non-orange simultaneously. Males, who only have one X chromosome, can express either orange or non-orange.
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Male cats can only express one or two coat colors, but not three as females do. The combination of three simultaneous colors seems to be exclusive for females.
In cats, hair color is coded by different genes. In the particular case of orange color, we are referring to a codominant, diallelic, X-linked gene. Chromosome Y does not have an associated gene for the orange color.
The orange gene is diallelic, being
- O the dominant allele ⇒ codes for orange ⇒ inhibits the expression of black
- o the recessive allele ⇒ codes for not-orange ⇒ allows the expression of black
Males, who carry only one X chromosome, can be either
- orange ⇒ X⁺Y (Where + symbol represents the dominant allele O)
- non-orange ⇒ X⁻Y (Where - symbol represents the recessive allele o)
But, since females carry two X chromosomes, they can express either
- orange ⇒ H0m0zyg0us dominant ⇒ X⁺X⁺
- non-orange ⇒ H0m0zyg0us recessive ⇒ X⁻X⁻
- combination of black and orange ⇒ Heter0zyg0us ⇒ X⁺X⁻
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