The Crusades were military campaigns called by the Church to take back land in the Middle East from Muslims.
There were several crusades and the results were:
- First Crusade ⇒ Captured Jerusalem
- Third Crusade ⇒ Ended in a compromise with Saladin
- Fourth Crusade ⇒ Resulted in an attack on Constantinople
- The Reconquista ⇒ Liberated Spain from Muslim rule and resulted in the expulsion of Jews
The First Crusade was partly successful as it succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing a Christian state. This state came under attack many times by various Muslim rulers including Saladin whom a compromise was forged with in the Third Crusade.
In the Fourth Crusade, the Crusaders captured Constantinople in order to get a debt repaid and to avenge an emperor. Their actions weakened the empire and made it easier for the Muslim Turks to conquer it.
Parts of Spain had been taken over by the Muslims during the Muslim Wars of Expansion and over many centuries, the Spanish were able to drive them out in the Reconquista. They then expelled the Jews.
In conclusion, the crusades and the Reconquista pitted the Christians against the Muslims with varying success for both sides.
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