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A/An _______ solution occurs when the solute concentration outside of the cell is higher than the solute concentration inside the cell Most cells have an electrical potential difference of between –40 and _______ millivolts. _______ is a determining force in water movement, and causes water to move from areas of high water concentration to low water concentration. In most cells, there are more ______ molecules inside the cell and more sodium molecules outside the cell. A/An _______ exists when different concentrations of a substance exist on either side of a membrane.

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Answer:

1) A hypotonic solution occurs when the solute concentration outside of the cell is higher than the solute concentration inside the cell.

2) Most cells have an electrical potential difference of between –40 and - 80 millivolts.

3) Osmosis is a determining force in water movement, and causes water to move from areas of high water concentration to low water concentration.

4) In most cells, there are more water molecules inside the cell and more sodium molecules outside the cell.

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Answer:

hypertonic

–80 millivolts

Osmosis or osmotic pressure

potassium

concentration gradient

A chemical gradient occurs when more of one molecule is on one side of a membrane, and more of another molecule is on the opposing side. An electrical gradient occurs when more positive or negative ions are on either side of a cell membrane. The presence of an electrical gradient can result in a membrane potential, or voltage difference.

The combination of a chemical and electrical gradient can result in an electrochemical gradient that drives the movement of ions and molecules across a membrane.

An electrochemical membrane can have opposing component gradients.

Explanation:

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