Answer:
F = 2.30 10⁴ N
Explanation:
The force required to link two gates must be equal to or greater than the electrostatic force of repulsion, because the protons have equal charges.
F = k q₁ q₂ / r²
Where k is the Coulomb constant that is worth 8.99 10⁹ N m² / C²
In this case the proton charge is 1.6 10⁻¹⁹ C and the distance between them is approximately the diameter of the core r = 10⁻¹⁵ m
Let's calculate
F = 8.99 10⁹ (1.6 10⁻¹⁹)² / (10⁻¹⁵)²
F = 2.30 10⁴ N
The bond strength must be equal to or greater than this value
