1) The identity is true
2) The child has a greater momentum than the bike.
3) The total momentum of a closed system remains constant throught time, regardless of changes within the system
Explanation:
1)
We need to rewrite the Newton, which is the unit of the force (F). Using Newton's second law:
[tex]F=ma \rightarrow [N] = [kg][m/s^2][/tex]
So, [tex]N\cdot s[/tex] (left side) is equal to
[tex]N\cdot s = kg\cdot s \cdot \frac{m}{s^2}=kg \cdot \frac{m}{s}[/tex]
So, the identity is true.
2)
The momentum of an object is given by:
[tex]p=mv[/tex]
where
m is the mass of the object
v is its velocity
Here we have:
M = 23 kg is the mass of the child
v = 4.5 m/s is the velocity of the child
So its momentum is
[tex]p=Mv=(23)(4.5)=103.5 kg m/s[/tex]
The bike has
m = 5.5 kg is its mass
v = 4.5 m/s is its velocity
So, its momentum is
[tex]p=mv=(5.5)(4.5)=24.8 kg m/s[/tex]
So, the child has a greater momentum than the bike.
3)
A closed system is a system on which the next external force acting on it is zero:
[tex]F=0[/tex]
From Newton's second law, we know that the net force acting on a system is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the system:
[tex]F=\frac{\Delta p}{\Delta t}[/tex]
where
[tex]\Delta p[/tex] is the change in total momentum of the system
[tex]\Delta t[/tex] is the time interval
For a closed system, this implies that
[tex]\Delta p = 0[/tex]
which means that the total momentum is constant.
Learn more about momentum and Newton's laws here:
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