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A young man wants to determine if he is a descendant of Henry of Navarre and Eleanor of Aquitaine—two of his favorite historical characters. He sends a cheek swab to a DTC company and is offered a choice: the company can assess either the sequence of the man's Y chromosome or his mitochondrial DNA. Which should he choose?

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Answer:

He should get his mitochondrial haplotype sequenced, given the genetic variation in mitochondrial sequences compared to Y chromosomes.

Explanation:

  • Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes are  specific regions of mitochondrial DNA that cluster with other mitochondrial sequences to show the phylogenetic origins of maternal lineages.
  • Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes are associated with a range of phenotypes and disease.
  • Mitochondrial DNA contains 37 genes, all of which are essential for normal mitochondrial function.
  • Thirteen of these genes provide instructions for making enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation.
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