The correct answer is: Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization of risks.
Beneficence is the act of doing good to others. It is an ethical principle. So in other words all professionals have a moral obligation to promote goodness and do what is right for others. In this scenario where research is taking place that involves human subjects the researcher needs to practice the act of beneficence to make sure that no harm comes to the subjects and that the research is in their best interests. In order to do this they make sure the risks of participation in the study are either very low or non existent.
