Landlocked countries are generally poorer than those with waterways due to a lack of territorial access to the sea. Therefore, remoteness and isolation from world markets cause high transit and transportation costs.
Why is being landlocked a poor situation?
On average, the economies of landlocked countries grow slower than those of countries with access to the sea. Mackellar et al. (2000) argue that being landlocked reduces a country's average growth by 1.5 % annually. Landlocked developing countries thus pay a high price for not having a seaport of their own.
Why is a landlocked country at a disadvantage economically?
Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) face many complex challenges. Due to their geographic remoteness, their lack of direct access to the open sea, and the high transport and transit costs they face, they are at a significant economic disadvantage compared to the rest of the world.
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