Answer:
Chain reaction
Explanation:
A chain reaction is a process by which neutrons that have been released in a first nuclear fission produce an additional fission in at least one more nucleus. This atomic nucleus fishes and releases more neutrons, giving the opportunity to repeat the process.
Nuclear fission is the physical-chemical reaction through which the nucleus of an atom is split. In the main interest of fission reactions is that through this operation a large amount of energy is obtained. According to the definition of nuclear energy, atomic energy is the energy contained in the nucleus of an atom and the energy obtained is thermal energy, energy in the form of heat.
The other form of exploitation is through nuclear fusion reactions. In this case, the process is reverse, merging two different nuclei forming a single atomic nucleus.
After fission of the atomic nucleus we obtain various fragments with a mass almost equal to half of the original mass plus two or three neutrons. It is remarkable the release of these two or three neutrons because they are what will allow a new reaction in another atom.
[tex]\boxed{{\text{Chain reaction}}}[/tex] takes place in a nuclear fission reactor.
Further Explanation:
The transformation of one nuclide into another is known as a nuclear reaction. There are four main types of nuclear reactions which are mentioned below:
1. Nuclear fission
It is a type of nuclear reaction where the nucleus of an atom breaks down into smaller and lighter nuclei. In this reaction, neutrons and protons are produced and a large amount of energy is released. These reactions are used to produce electrical power with the help of uranium as their nuclear fuel.
2. Nuclear fusion
The nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei combine to form one or more nuclei is known as nuclear fusion. In these reactions, energy is to be provided and therefore such reactions are endothermic in nature.
3. Nuclear decay
This process occurs when an unstable nucleus stabilizes itself by releasing energy in the form of various particles like alpha, beta and gamma particles.
4. Transmutation
It is just the opposite of nuclear decay. In this, one element gets converted into another by the bombardment of high energy radiations.
A nuclear reactor is an equipment that is used to initiate and control the nuclear chain reactions. These are used in electricity generation and nuclear marine propulsion. The nuclear fission reactor controls the nuclear fission reactions that release a large amount of energy. A chain reaction is a process where the released neutrons produce further fission in any other nucleus. This nucleus then generates neutrons and the same process goes on repeating. Such processes can either be controlled or uncontrolled.
Consider the nuclear fission reaction of uranium-235. When neutrons are bombarded on uranium-235, it breaks down into two new atoms and three neutrons are released with a large amount of energy. These three neutrons can again attack uranium-235 and this reaction keeps on continuing. Therefore chain reactions occur in a nuclear fission reactor.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Chapter: Nuclear chemistry
Subject: Chemistry
Keywords: nuclear reaction, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, transmutation, nuclear decay, nuclear reactor, chain reactions, uranium-235, neutrons.
