An Army captain has instructed his soldiers to engage in combat despite the presence of civilians in the war zone, which is considered a war crime. When one member of the unit expresses disagreement, the captain informs his soldiers that he himself will take personal responsibility for any negative consequences. This assumption of responsibility will make the soldiers more likely to obey because it:

a) distracts soldiers from the civilians' distress.
b) reduces the soldiers' empathy for the civilians.
c) reduces the soldiers' stress about what they are doing.
d) increases the soldiers' decisiveness.