You are tasked with the design of a wireless communication system using the IEEE 802.11 16-QAM mapping. (a) Estimate the gain or loss of SNR in dB of this scheme compared to 16-PSK. (You may use the Appendix and ignore the constants multiplying the Q-functions.)

Options:
A. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
B. Signal-to-Noise Loss (SNL)
C. Signal-to-Noise Gain (SNG)
D. Signal-to-Noise Reduction (SNR)