In emphysema, the lungs become overdistended with trapped air. Effective abdominal breathing is decreased. Which muscles are involved when breathing becomes an active process, such as in a patient who has emphysema?

a) Diaphragm, External Intercostals
b) Internal Intercostals, Scalenes
c) Rectus Abdominis, Transverse Abdominis
d) Pectoralis Major, Sternocleidomastoid
e) Quadratus Lumborum, Erector Spinae