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A 50-year-old patient has an S3 and normal systolic ejection. What is the likely cause of S3? The patient comes back in 1 year, and the S3 heart sound is extremely loud, way louder than before. What do you suspect caused this?
a) Atrial contraction sound (atrial kick); Progression of heart failure
b) Ventricular septal defect
c) Mitral regurgitation
d) Pulmonary stenosis