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Directions: Read the following information on the Social Gospel and Social Darwinism and fill out the Venn Diagram at the bottom of this page.

Another aspect of moral reform had to do with religion. Noticing some of the negative aspects of industrialization, there was a movement led by Christians to civilize capitalism. The idea was called the Social Gospel. It was a moral reform movement that was promoted by Protestant clergy, such as Walter Rauschenbusch and Washington Gladden. It addressed the excesses of industrialization and urbanization. These Christians felt that they were responsible for helping the poor and preached salvation through work for social justice. These Progressives inspired Jane Addams and President Theodore Roosevelt. The Social Gospel seemed contradictory to Social Darwinism, which was based on Charles Darwin’s theory of natural evolution. It was adapted to indicate that wealth, social status, and property indicated how fit a person was. It appealed to Protestant work ethic because the theory believed that anyone could prosper with hard work, intelligence, and perseverance. Unlike the Progressives, this theory supported laissez faire policies. This theory was used by Andrew Carnegie and other industrialists to support their business practices. Social Darwinism and the Social Gospel addressed the urban and industrial society of the 19th century. They both had some connection with Protestant ethics or religion. The ideas were also opposed by fundamentalists, such as Dwight Moody and Billy Sunday, who preached the literal interpretation of the Bible and individual salvation.