tion kyle invested in a roth 401(k) seven years ago when he was 39 years old. he terminated employment with his company this year and received a lump-sum distribution of his roth 401(k). kyle's contributions to the roth account total $32,000 and accumulated earnings on the account total $18,000. he has decided not to roll over the funds into another retirement account. how much tax and penalty will kyle owe on the distribution if he has a 24% marginal tax rate.